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Internal incentives and operations strategies for the water-saving supply chain with cap-and-trade regulation

Zhisong CHEN, Li FANG, Huimin WANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第1期页码 87-101 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0006-7

摘要：

Faced with the rapid development of modern industries of agriculture, manufacturing, and services, water resources are becoming increasingly scarce. Industries with high water consumption are generally regulated by the government’s water cap-and-trade (CAT) regulation to solve the contradiction between the limited water supply and the rapid growing water demand. Supply chain equilibrium and coordination models under the benchmark scenario without water saving and CAT regulation, water-saving supply chain equilibrium and coordination models under the scenario without/with CAT regulation are developed, analyzed and compared. The corresponding numerical and sensitivity analyses for all models are conducted and compared, and the managerial insights and policy recommendations are summarized in this article. The results indicate that (1) Conducting water saving could improve effectively the operational performance of the water-saving supply chain under the scenario without/with CAT regulation. (2) The coordination strategy based on the revenue sharing contract could efficiently coordinate the water-saving supply chain, enhance water consumption reduction rate, and improve the operational performance of the water-saving supply chain. (3) The implementation of CAT regulation enhances effectively water-consumption-reduction in the water-saving supply chain and improves the operational performance of water-saving supply chain. (4) Simultaneous implementation of CAT regulation by the government and adopting coordination strategy by the water-saving supply chain would be superior to any other scenarios/strategies. (5) A suitable water cap based on the industrial average water consumption and historical water consumption data are beneficial for constructing reasonable and effective incentive mechanism. (6) A higher marginal trade price could induce more reduction in water consumption and create better operational performance for the manufacturer and water-saving supply chain, both under the equilibrium and coordination strategies.

关键词： water-saving supply chain equilibrium coordination internal incentive cap and trade regulation

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现代节水农业技术发展趋势与未来研发重点

吴普特,冯浩,牛文全,赵西宁

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第2期页码 12-18

摘要：

在分析我国节水农业技术发展现状与趋势的基础上，结合现代节水农业技术发展与需求，提出未来我国现代节水农业技术研发重点和发展方向，即现代生物节水技术、非常规水高效安全利用技术、节水灌溉技术与装备、旱作高效用水技术与新材料、区域高效节水农业综合技术。

关键词：生物节水技术非常规水资源节水灌溉技术旱作高效用水技术集成

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当前我国灌区节水改造的问题与对策

孙雪涛

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第9期页码 24-30

摘要：

我国灌区的建设与管理中仍然存在着“重建轻管”、“重灌轻排”的现象，这是长期投入不合理和传统的管理体制所造成的。文章指出在进行大型灌区续建配套与节水改造的过程中，应以建设节水高效灌溉农业为目标，采取国家加大投资力度并调整投资分担比例，进行管理体制的改革，推广科学灌溉并提高用水效率等有力措施，以改变“重建轻管”、“重灌轻排”的现象，使我国灌溉农业得以可持续发展。

关键词：灌溉排水盐碱化农业节水高效

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An evaluation model of water-saving reconstruction projects based on resource value flows

Runwen JIANG, Xiaohong CHEN, Lingchu ZHAO, Zhifang ZHOU, Tao ZHANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 257-267 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0144-y

摘要： Due to uncertainties in water supply, there is growing demand for water resource management in enterprises. In this study, we evaluated the effects of companies’ water-saving reconstruction projects. We used Hina Advanced Materials Company as a case to construct an investment decision model to (1) calculate the internal and external costs of water resources based on circular economic value analysis theory, and (2) locate the level of water resources circulation. We adopted gray situation decision analysis to identify the typical problems that occur in water resource utilization. Moreover, we demonstrated optimization plans for different potential improvements, thereby providing guidance and references for water resource cost management and the comprehensive optimization of environmental benefits. We concluded that the circulation economic value analysis model can effectively display the flow and amount of value derived from water resource flows, thereby providing guidance and suggestions for optimizing water resource flows.

关键词： value flow analysis ternary materials enterprises grey situation decision analysis water resources

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水稻节水灌溉及其对环境的影响

茆智

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第7期页码 8-16

摘要：

水稻是中国最主要的粮食作物之一，其产量约占粮食作物总产量的40%；在全国约11×108hm2的粮食作物总面积中，稻田面积约占28%。20世纪80年代以来，水稻产区的水资源短缺已成为当地农业生产中的重要问题，各地试验、开发、应用与推广了许多种水稻节水灌溉模式。文章根据这些新的水稻灌溉模式试验结果与推广经验，将我国水稻节水灌溉主要模式归纳为浅、湿、晒结合，间歇淹水，半旱栽培和蓄雨型等4类。阐述了这些模式的田间水分控制标准以及节水、增产和提高水分生产率的潜力；提出了该4类模式的选择原则以及应用这些模式时应注意的问题；分析、讨论了推广这些模式能够持续节水与提高水分生产率的机理以及对环境的影响。

关键词：水稻节水灌溉灌溉模式节水潜力环境影响

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北京市城乡节能节水政策中长期耦合效果分析

刘耕源,胡俊梅,杨志峰

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第5期页码 120-129 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.05.007

摘要：

本文基于长期能源可替代规划系统模型（LEAP）与水资源评价和规划模型（WEAP）建立了城市的能水耦合模型，设立情景分析探讨北京市未来不同措施下城乡的节能/ 节水以及其耦合效果，并对结果进行敏感性分析。模型结果表明，未来北京市能源消费总量将逐年缓慢增长；按预测的供水能力则不会出现供需短缺。“十三五”期间节水政策的总节能量为1.00³×10⁶ tce，节能政策的节水量达到2.76×10⁸ m³。居民生活、服务业、建筑业、传统制造业的能源需求值与水需求值具有较好的相关性，是重要的能水耦合部门。对于不同情景不同时期的节能/ 节水效果而言，产业结构优化政策在短期可表现出较好的节能潜力；农业部门的灌溉技术革新与种植结构优化情景，在短期具有较好的节能与节水效果。对于能水节约的协同效应，其在服务业与工业部门节能情景中较明显；对于同一个部门的政策，调控用能强度的情景能水协同节约效应较明显。

关键词：北京市城乡节能节水政策耦合分析

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山东省农业节水成效及发展半旱地农业的可行性

杜贞栋,黄乾

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第3期页码 54-58

摘要：

在分析山东省水资源状况和农业节水发展成效的基础上，结合“十一五”国家“863”项目灌溉试验成果，对山东省发展半旱地农业的可行性进行了探讨。

关键词：半旱地农业山东省农业节水

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Spatiotemporal variation in water footprint of grain production in China

Pute WU,Yubao WANG,Xining ZHAO,Shikun SUN,Jiming JIN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第2期页码 186-193 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015060

摘要： Water shortage has become a significant constraint to grain production in China. A more holistic approach is needed to understand the links between grain production and water consumption. Water footprint provides a framework to assess water utilization in agriculture production. This paper analyzes the spatiotemporal variation in water footprint of grain production (WFGP) in China from 1951 to 2010. The results show that, jointly motivated by the improvement of agricultural production and water use efficiency, WFGP in all areas showed a decreasing trend. National average WFGP has decreased from 3.38 to 1.31 m ·kg . Due to regional differences in agricultural production and water use efficiency, spatial distribution of WFGP varies significantly and its pattern has changed through time. Moreover, WFGP may show significant differences within areas of similar climatic conditions and agricultural practices, indicating that there is a strong need to improve the management of water use technology. Statistical analysis revealed that regional differences in grain yield are the main cause for variations in spatiotemporal WFGP. However, the scope for further increases in grain yield is limited, and thus, the future goal of reducing WFGP is to decrease the water use per unit area.

关键词： water footprint grain production grain secu- rity water scarcity water-saving

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试论人类水事活动的新思维

李佩成

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第2期页码 5-9

摘要：

总结过去，展望未来，作者提出新世纪人类水事活动的新思维，并用大量事例和数据作了论证，认为在21世纪的水事活动中必须正确处理人类活动、水体动态、生态环境、经济发展与社会进步的关系，简称人-水-环-发-社关系；要特别把握人类水事活动和其它人类活动对水体动态的长期影响及其逆反作用；要把水库视为保护和恢复水源的决定性措施加以实现；正确处理耕地、绿地和水域的关系，保护并适当增大水体面积，保护沼泽，关心小河小水的命运；在未来水事活动中要从与天的抗争转变为适应与利用，充分运用各种信息技术建立“信息水利”，并通过对水文气象的把握，经营“应变农业”，从而在获得足够农产品的同时能在用水量最大的部门求得战略性的节水途径。

关键词：水事活动节水水保护新思维

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Pricing and production strategies in remanufacturing from the perspectives of supply chain: Review and

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0251-7

摘要： Remanufacturing is widely recognized as beneficial to the environment and a circular economy. However, remanufacturing is more complex than traditional manufacturing due to the effects of government policy, uncertainty of consumer preferences, competition and cooperation among firms, and so on. These factors motivate academics to optimize remanufacturing outcomes, especially for product pricing and production. This study reviews the published literature on pricing and production strategies in remanufacturing from four perspectives of supply chain, namely, government policy, consumer characteristics, relationships among firms, and supply chain structures. Review results can benefit scholars/practitioners in the future by highlighting the challenges and opportunities in remanufacturing strategies.

关键词： remanufacturing reverse and closed-loop supply chain circular economy

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Digitalization for supply chain resilience and robustness: The roles of collaboration and formal contracts

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 5-19 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0229-x

摘要： Black swan events such as the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak cause substantial supply chain disruption risks to modern companies. In today’s turbulent and complex business environment, supply chain resilience and robustness as two critical capabilities for firms to cope with disruptions have won substantial attention from both the academia and industry. Accordingly, this study intends to explore how digitalization helps build supply chain resilience and robustness. Adopting organizational information processing theory, it proposes the mediating effect of supply chain collaboration and the moderating effect of formal contracts. Using survey data of Chinese manufacturing firms, the study applied structural equation modelling to test the research model. Results show that digitalization has a direct effect on supply chain resilience, and supply chain collaboration can directly facilitate both resilience and robustness. Our study also indicates a complementary mediating effect of supply chain collaboration on the relationship between digitalization and supply chain resilience and an indirect-only mediation effect on the relationship between digitalization and supply chain robustness. Findings reveal the differential roles of digitalization as a technical factor and supply chain collaboration as an organizational factor in managing supply chain disruptions. Paradoxically, formal contracts enhance the relationship between digitalization and supply chain resilience but weaken the relationship between supply chain collaboration and supply chain resilience. The validation of moderating effects determines the boundary conditions of digitalization and supply chain collaboration and provides insights into governing supply chain partners’ behavior. Overall, this study enhances the understanding on how to build a resilient and robust supply chain.

关键词： digitalization supply chain resilience robustness collaboration formal contract

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Disruptive technologies for advancing supply chain resilience

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 360-366 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0257-1

摘要： Disruptive technologies provide a new paradigm for supply chain risk management and bring opportunities and challenges for the improvement of supply chain resilience (SCRes). This study summarizes the application cases of some disruptive technologies in the SCRes and analyzes the benefits and damages brought by disruptive technologies to the SCRes. The results show that disruptive technologies can provide the supply chain with flexibility, visibility, agility, and other capabilities at various stages of risk management. Hence, technology advancements greatly increase the level of the SCRes. Although disruptive technologies undermine the construction of SCRes, these damages can be eliminated through technology iteration or other disruptive technologies. Furthermore, disruptive technologies will provide better stability for the SCRes. The study also makes several suggestions for the use of disruptive technologies in the construction of the SCRes.

关键词： supply chain resilience disruptive technology supply chain risk

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Digital twin-driven smart supply chain

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 56-70 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0186-9

摘要： Today’s supply chain is becoming complex and fragile. Hence, supply chain managers need to create and unlock the value of the smart supply chain. A smart supply chain requires connectivity, visibility, and agility, and it needs be integrated and intelligent. The digital twin (DT) concept satisfies these requirements. Therefore, we propose creating a DT-driven supply chain (DTSC) as an innovative and integrated solution for the smart supply chain. We provide background information to explain the DT concept and to demonstrate the method for building a DTSC by using the DT concept. We discuss three research opportunities in building a DTSC, including supply chain modeling, real-time supply chain optimization, and data usage in supply chain collaboration. Finally, we highlight a motivating case from JD.COM, China’s largest retailer by revenue, in applying the DTSC platform to address supply chain network reconfiguration challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： digital twin supply chain management

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Internet of Things (IoT)–blockchain-enabled pharmaceutical supply chain resilience in the post-pandemic

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 82-95 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0233-1

摘要： During the COVID-19 pandemic, the current operating environment of pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) has rapidly changed and faced increasing risks of disruption. The Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain not only help enhance the efficiency of PSC operations in the information technology domain but also address complex related issues and improve the visibility, flexibility, and transparency of these operations. Although IoT and blockchain have been widely examined in the areas of supply chain and logistics management, further work on PSC is expected by the public to enhance its resilience. To respond to this call, this paper combines a literature review with semi-structured interviews to investigate the characteristics of PSC, the key aspects affecting PSC, and the challenges faced by PSC in the post-pandemic era. An IoT–blockchain-integrated hospital-side oriented PSC management model is also developed. This paper highlights how IoT and blockchain technology can enhance supply chain resilience and provides a reference on how PSC members can cope with the associated risks.

关键词： pharmaceutical supply chain Internet of Things blockchain resilience post-pandemic era

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Modeling of the resilient supply chain system from a perspective of production design changes

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 96-106 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0235-z

摘要： Building an effective resilient supply chain system (RSCS) is critical and necessary to reduce the risk of supply chain disruptions in unexpected scenarios such as COVID-19 pandemic and trade wars. To overcome the impact of insufficient raw material supply on the supply chain in mass disruption scenarios, this study proposes a novel RSCS considering product design changes (PDC). An RSCS domain model is first developed from the perspective of PDC based on a general conceptual framework, i.e., function-context-behavior-principle-state-structure (FCBPSS), which can portray complex systems under unpredictable situations. Specifically, the interaction among the structure, state and behavior of the infrastructure system and substance system is captured, and then a quantitative analysis of the change impact process is presented to evaluate the resilience of both the product and supply chain. Next, a case study is conducted to demonstrate the PDC strategy and to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the RSCS domain model. The results show that the restructured RSCS based on the proposed strategy and model can remedy the huge losses caused by the unavailability of raw materials.

关键词： resilient supply chain supply chain disruption domain modeling product design changes